What is a sentence? - a group of words that tells a complete thought.
The sentence MUST tell who or what & also tell what is or what happens.

The 4 Kinds of Sentences:
  
Imperative = command sentence.  The sentence tells someone to do something.      ex.   Please pass the pizza.

Exclamatory = feelings sentence.  The sentence shows strong feelings. 
                       ex.  Pizza is fantastic!

Interrogative = question sentence.  The sentence asks something.
                       ex.  Do you like pizza?

Declarative = statement sentence.  The sentence tells something.
                       ex.  I like pizza.

Run-ons - a sentence that has 2 or more complete thoughts that run together.

Base Words - a word to which a beginning and/or endings can be added. 
    prefixes-word part added to beginning        Ex.  unfair
    suffixes-word part added to end                  Ex.  fairly

Synonyms - words with similar meaning.    Ex.  cute & pretty

Antonyms - words with opposite meaning.  Ex.  off & on

Subject - tells who or what the sentence is about.  ex.  The track team ran 20 miles today.

Predicate - tells what is or what happens.    ex.  The track team ran 20 miles today.

complete subject - includes ALL the words that tell who or what the sentence is about.        ex.  The track team ran 20 miles today.

complete predicate - includes ALL the words that tell what is or what happens.
ex.  The track team ran 20 miles today.

simple subject - tells EXACTLY who or what the sentence is about.
  The MAIN word in the complete subject.  ex.  The track team ran 20 miles today.

simple predicate - tells EXACTLY what the subject does or is.
The MAIN word in the complete predicate.    ex.  The track team ran 20 miles today.

Inflected form - a base word with the word ending: -s, -es, -ed, -ing, -er, -est

 
Homographs - words that are spelled alike but have different meanings.  Some homographs sound alike.
 
     What type of ice cream do you like? (pronounced the same)
     I learned to type on the computer.
     She put a red bow on the present. (pronounced differently)
     Donâ•˙t forget to bow after your dance.
     

Compound Word - a word that contains 2 or more words that is separated by a space, joined with a hyphen, or run together.   ex.  high school, part-time, notebook

Compound Subjects - a sentence that has more than one subject.
 If 2 sentences have the same predicate, the subjects can be joined with AND to make a compound subject.

ex.  Park employees fled to safety.  Reporters fled to safety.
Park employees and reporters fled to safety. 

Compound Predicates - a sentence that has more than one predicate.
If 2 sentences have the same subject, the predicates can be joined with AND to make a compound predicate.ex. The man dropped the ax. The man left the rainforest. The man dropped the ax and left the rainforest. 

Onomatopoeia - words with sounds that imitate their meaning.
ex.  hissed, buzzed, squawked, growled, whack

Noun - a word that names a person, place or thing.

common noun - a word that names ANY person, place or thing
ex.  boy, day, state, store
   

proper noun - a word that names a SPECIFIC person, place
ex.  Anthony, Friday, Florida, Walmart
 
singular noun - a noun that names one person, place or thing.
ex.  parent, peach, berry, farm
      

plural noun - a noun that names more than one person, place or thing.                   
ex.  parents, peaches, berries, farms

The RULES for spelling plural nouns

To form most plural nouns, add -s to the singular noun.
ex.  forest = forests       moth = moths

If a noun ends in a constant and y, change y to i and add -es.
ex.  puppy = puppies     bunny = bunnies     family = families      

If a noun ends in a vowel and y, add -s.
ex.  monkey = monkeys     birthday = birthdays      toy = toys          

If a noun ends with s, x, ch, sh or z form the plural by adding -es.
ex.   ax = axes   patch = patches   dish = dishes

If a noun ends with f or fe, change the f or fe to v and add -es. 
ex.  shelf = shelves            knife = knives

Some plural nouns are formed by changing the spelling of the singular noun.         ex.  man = men   child = children   foot = feet  teeth = tooth  mouse = mice  ox = oxen  goose = geese 

Some nouns have the same singular and plural form. 
ex.   elk = elk        moose = moose      deer = deer       sheep = sheep

possessive noun - a noun that shows ownership.  
ex.  Walterâ•˙s bed = the bed belonging to Walter       ex.  the tail of a dog = a dogâ•˙s tail
* the apostrophe stands for ownership

singular possessive noun - to form the possessive of a singular noun, add ╢s
ex.   the garden of a man =  a manâ•˙s garden    ex.   the pen belonging to Chris = Chris╢s pen

plural possessive noun - when the plural noun ends with -s, add an apostrophe.  ex.  the hats owned by the kids = the kidsâ•˙ hats    ex.  the pens belonging to the boys = the boysâ•˙ pens

plural possessive noun - when the plural noun does NOT end with -s,  add  ╢s.
ex. the room of the men = the menâ•˙s  room    ex. the hats belonging to the children =  the childrenâ•˙s hats       
 

Contraction - a shortened form of two words using an apostrophe.
ex.    Iâ•˙m = I am       didnâ•˙t = did not        weâ•˙ve = we have  * the apostrophe stands for missing letters. 

Adjective - a word that describes a noun or pronoun.  
An adjective can tell:     WHAT KIND?    or    HOW MANY?

Articles - the words a, an and the are a special kind of adjective.
The article the is used with singular & plural nouns.     
ex.  the sign      the cards

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